Bióloga, professora e pesquisadora do Instituto de Biotecnologia da Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS), Suelen Paesi descreve seu ambiente de trabalho de uma forma convidativa: “é um pedacinho do primeiro mundo aqui”.
Coordenadora do 3º Fórum Sul-Brasileiro de Biogás e Biometano, que será realizado de 29 de março a 1º de abril, de forma online e gratuita, ela aponta a seguir alguns caminhos que podem ser percorridos para, de fato, o Sul do Brasil aproveitar mais o potencial energético a partir dos resíduos produzidos.
Há quantos anos estuda especificamente esta área?
Há mais ou menos oito anos o biogás, mas a identificação de micro-organismos vem desde o início da minha formação há 30 anos. Apesar de ser bem difundido por países que já usam o processo, como a Alemanha que gera biogás de forma tecnológica há mais de 100 anos, nós estamos acordando tarde para este tema. Ele ainda engatinha no nosso país. Nós temos um trabalho realizado pela CIBiogás (instituição de ciência e tecnologia, em formato de associação) que é o mapa de aplicação no Brasil. Mas quando olho para ele me dá até um mal-estar, porque você vê que todas as aplicações estão no centro do país. Lá foi mais dinâmico porque a produção de álcool gera vinhaça, um resíduo tóxico, que lá eles já convertem em biogás. Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro e Paraná têm uma grande quantidade de usinas de biogás de vários tipos de resíduos, desde o urbano até o agro. E no Sul temos poucas. Além de resolver o problema dos resíduos, produz energia limpa que inclui na matriz energética um novo tipo de alternativa, não tão dependente das hidrelétricas e combustíveis fósseis. Mesmo com os governos incentivando, em certas regiões o biogás ainda não aconteceu.
Hoje é mais comum a aplicação do biogás no agronegócio, mas com o dólar pressionando o preço de combustíveis, como tornar a transformação dos resíduos em alternativa não só para empresas, mas para a população em geral, no transporte?
Qualquer matéria orgânica, tem grande possibilidade de ser convertida em biogás. Dentro do biogás, tem o metano, que pode ser usado no fogão, como energia elétrica e também no transporte como combustível. A Itália, em Modena, tem todo transporte púbico movido a metano. Me parece que falta um pouco de unidade entre a questão pública e privada. Falta uma visão do todo para se unir a fim de proteger o ambiente e produzir energia. Um pequeno produtor de um sítio consegue gerar biogás quando se une com outro. No Paraná, a CIBiogás tem um case de um consórcio de produtores. Um condomínio com grande quantidade de resíduo de suínos que converte em biogás e produz energia que é abatida das contas elétricas. Essa visão coletiva que nos falta.
Como o fórum promove esta união e como fazer isso com a pandemia">
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